המדריך הזה מראה כיצד להגדיר את שרות הבצל עבור אתרך. For the technical details of how the onion service protocol works, see our onion service protocol page.

צעד 0: הקם Tor פועל

As part of this guide, we will assume you have a functional Tor in your machine. To set up Tor, please follow the Tor installation guide. Tor should be up and running correctly for this guide to work. You should also know where Tor's configuration files are.

צעד 1: הפעלת שרת האינטרנט

As a first step, you should set up a web server locally, like Nginx, Apache, or your favorite web server. Setting up a web server can be complex. If you get stuck or want to do more, find a friend who can help you or join our tor-onions mailing list to speak with other operators.

As an example, we will cover how to set up an onion site with Nginx and Apache on Debian. We recommend you install a new separate web server for your onion service, since even if you already have one installed, you may be using it (or want to use it later) for a regular website.

On this page, the commands to manage the web server are based on Debian-like operating systems and may differ from other systems. בדקו את שרת האנטרהט שלכם ותעוד מערכת ההפעלה.

אפאצ'י

Apache is available in the main repository of multiple Linux and *BSD distributions. To install apache2 package:

$ sudo apt install apache2

Nginx

Nginx is available in the main repository of multiple Linux and *BSD distributions. To install nginx package:

$ sudo apt install nginx

By default, the web server will be running on localhost:80 at the end of the installation. אם קיבלתם הודעת שגיאה, משהו השתבש ואינכם מצליחים להמשיך עד אשר לבררו מדוע הדבר לא עבד.

Once your web server is set up, make sure it works: open your browser and go to http://localhost/. כעת נסו להעלות מסמך אל תיקיית ה html הראשית, וודאו שהוא מוצג כאשר אתם נכנסים לאתר.

צעד 2: קינפוג של שרות הבצל של Tor שלכם.

הצעד הבא הנו פתיחת קובץ הקונפיג של Tor (torrc) וביצוע קונפיגרציה מתאימה של הגדרות שרות בצל. תלוי במערכת ההפעלה שלך ובהגדרות, קובץ קונפיגרוצית Tor שלך יכול להיות במיקום שונה או שיראה קצת אחרת.

You will need to put the following two lines in your torrc file:

 HiddenServiceDir /var/lib/tor/my_website/
 HiddenServicePort 80 127.0.0.1:80

שורת ה HiddenServiceDir lמגדירה את התיקייה בה יש לכלול מידע על מפתחות הקריפטוגרפיה של שרות הבצל שלך. כדאי לשנות את שורת HiddenServiceDir כך שתפנה אל תיקייה אקטואלית המוגדרת readable/writeable על ידי המשתמש שיפעיל את Tor.

The HiddenServicePort line specifies a virtual port (that is, the port that people visiting your onion service will be using), and in the above case it says that any traffic incoming to port 80 of your onion service should be redirected to 127.0.0.1:80 (which is where the web server from step 1 is listening).

Tip: A good practice to avoid leaking an onion service to a local network is to run onion services over Unix sockets instead of a TCP socket. You will need to edit and put the following two lines in your torrc file:

HiddenServiceDir /var/lib/tor/my-website/
HiddenServicePort 80 unix:/var/run/tor-my-website.sock

צעד 3: איתחול של Tor ובדיקה שהדבר עובד

כעת שמור את torrc ואתחל מחדש את Tor.

$ sudo systemctl restart tor

אם Tor מתחיל שוב, מצוין. אחרת משהו לא תקין. בתחילה חפשו רמזים ב logfiles. It will print some warnings or error messages. That should give you an idea of what went wrong. Typically, there are typos in the torrc or wrong directory permissions (See the logging FAQ entry if you don't know how to enable or find your log file.)

When Tor starts, it will automatically create the HiddenServiceDir that you specified (if necessary). Make sure this is the case.

צעד 4: בדיקה ששרות הבצל פועל

כעת קבלו את כתובת שרות הבצל, עברו אל תיקיית HiddenServiceDir שלכם, ומיצאו קובץ בשם hostname. The hostname file in your onion service configuration directory contains the hostname for your new onion v3 service. The other files are your onion service keys, so it is imperative that these are kept private. אם המפתחות שלך ידלפו, אנשים אחרים יוכלו להתחזות לשרות הבצל שלך, מה שיהפוך אותו לפרוץ, ומסוכן לביקור.

Now you can connect to your onion service using Tor Browser, and you should get the html page you setup back in Step 1. אם הדבר אינו עובד, יש לסקור את קובצי הלוג לחפש רמזים, ולנסות לבצע שינויים עד שהשרות יעבוד.

It is important to note that an onion service configured like this will be readable by anybody who knows or discovers the address. You can make onion services require authentication, and only users with a private key will access the service. Read more about Client authorization documentation.

(Optional) Step 5: Running multiple onion services

If you want to forward multiple virtual ports for a single onion service, just add more HiddenServicePort lines. If you want to run multiple onion services from the same Tor client, just add another HiddenServiceDir line. All the following HiddenServicePort lines refer to this HiddenServiceDir line, until you add another HiddenServiceDir line:

 HiddenServiceDir /var/lib/tor/onion_service/
 HiddenServicePort 80 127.0.0.1:80

 HiddenServiceDir /var/lib/tor/other_onion_service/
 HiddenServicePort 6667 127.0.0.1:6667
 HiddenServicePort 22 127.0.0.1:22

If you're running multiple onion sites on the same web server, remember to edit your web server virtual host file and add the onion address for each website. For example, in Nginx and using Tor with Unix sockets, the configuration would look like this:

server {
        listen unix:/var/run/tor-my-website.sock;
        server_name <your-onion-address>.onion;
        access_log /var/log/nginx/my-website.log;
        index index.html;
        root /path/to/htdocs;
}

Or in Apache with Tor service listening on port 80:

     <VirtualHost *:80>
       ServerName <your-onion-address.onion>
       DocumentRoot /path/to/htdocs
       ErrorLog ${APACHE_LOG_DIR}/my-website.log
     </VirtualHost>

Step 6: Security advice and more tips

The default version of onion services is version 3 and it has 56 characters long. Onion services version 2 is being deprecated and will be retired soon from the Tor network, after 0.4.6.x Tor release, in July 2021. Please read the blog post Onion Service version deprecation timeline for more information.

Some onion site operators may not want to disclose their onion service location. Therefore, you need to configure your web server so it doesn't give away any information about you, your computer, or your location. That is not an easy task, and these resources will help on how to make this possible:

• Operational Security.
• Onion services best practices by Riseup Collective.
• OnionScan is a tool to check if your onion site is leaking information that could compromise your anonymity like your server IP address.

Finally, if you plan to keep your service available for a long time, you might want to make a backup copy of the private_key file somewhere.

Now that you have an onion site working, you may want to deploy Onion-Location, or use tools like Docker, Heroku, Terraform, Ansible or stem to automate the management of your onion services. If you have a static website, but never installed Nginx or Apache, another project to try is OnionShare, where running an onion site will be easier: guided with a graphic interface and with minimal configuration.