3. Statistics background¶
for understanding bandwidth scanners/generators
3.1. Standard deviation¶
The formula for the sample standard deviation is
s={\sqrt {\frac {\sum _{i=1}^{N}(x_{i}-{\overline {x}})^{2}}{N-1}}}
where {x_{1},x_{2},\ldots ,x_{N}} are the observed values of the sample items, {\overline {x}} is the mean value of these observations, and N is the number of observations in the sample.
3.2. Standard score¶
If the population mean and population standard deviation are known, the standard score of a raw score x[1] is calculated as
z={x-\mu \over \sigma }
where:
μ is the mean of the population. σ is the standard deviation of the population.
