Struct arti_client::DataStream

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pub struct DataStream { /* private fields */ }
Expand description

An anonymized stream over the Tor network.

For most purposes, you can think of this type as an anonymized TCP stream: it can read and write data, and get closed when it’s done.

DataStream implements [futures::io::AsyncRead] and [futures::io::AsyncWrite], so you can use it anywhere that those traits are expected.

§Examples

Connecting to an HTTP server and sending a request, using AsyncWriteExt::write_all:

let mut stream = tor_client.connect(("icanhazip.com", 80), None).await?;

use futures::io::AsyncWriteExt;

stream
    .write_all(b"GET / HTTP/1.1\r\nHost: icanhazip.com\r\nConnection: close\r\n\r\n")
    .await?;

// Flushing the stream is important; see below!
stream.flush().await?;

Reading the result, using AsyncReadExt::read_to_end:

use futures::io::AsyncReadExt;

let mut buf = Vec::new();
stream.read_to_end(&mut buf).await?;

println!("{}", String::from_utf8_lossy(&buf));

§Usage with Tokio

If the tokio crate feature is enabled, this type also implements tokio::io::AsyncRead and tokio::io::AsyncWrite for easier integration with code that expects those traits.

§Remember to call flush!

DataStream buffers data internally, in order to write as few cells as possible onto the network. In order to make sure that your data has actually been sent, you need to make sure that [AsyncWrite::poll_flush] runs to completion: probably via AsyncWriteExt::flush.

§Splitting the type

This type is internally composed of a DataReader and a DataWriter; the DataStream::split method can be used to split it into those two parts, for more convenient usage with e.g. stream combinators.

Implementations§

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impl DataStream

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pub fn split(self) -> (DataReader, DataWriter)

Divide this DataStream into its constituent parts.

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pub fn circuit(&self) -> &ClientCirc

Available on crate feature experimental-api only.

Return a reference to this stream’s circuit?

This is an experimental API; it is not covered by semver guarantee. It is likely to change or disappear in a future release.

TODO: Should there be an AttachedToCircuit trait that we use for all client stream types? Should this return an Option<&ClientCirc>?

TODO RPC: Perhaps we should deprecate this in favor of stream.ctrl().circuit().

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pub fn ctrl(&self) -> &Arc<DataStreamCtrl>

Available on crate feature stream-ctrl only.

Return a DataStreamCtrl object that can be used to monitor and interact with this stream without holding the stream itself.

Trait Implementations§

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impl AsyncRead for DataStream

Available on crate feature tokio only.
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fn poll_read( self: Pin<&mut DataStream>, cx: &mut Context<'_>, buf: &mut ReadBuf<'_> ) -> Poll<Result<(), Error>>

Attempts to read from the AsyncRead into buf. Read more
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impl AsyncRead for DataStream

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fn poll_read( self: Pin<&mut DataStream>, cx: &mut Context<'_>, buf: &mut [u8] ) -> Poll<Result<usize, Error>>

Attempt to read from the AsyncRead into buf. Read more
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fn poll_read_vectored( self: Pin<&mut Self>, cx: &mut Context<'_>, bufs: &mut [IoSliceMut<'_>] ) -> Poll<Result<usize, Error>>

Attempt to read from the AsyncRead into bufs using vectored IO operations. Read more
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impl AsyncWrite for DataStream

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fn poll_write( self: Pin<&mut DataStream>, cx: &mut Context<'_>, buf: &[u8] ) -> Poll<Result<usize, Error>>

Attempt to write bytes from buf into the object. Read more
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fn poll_flush( self: Pin<&mut DataStream>, cx: &mut Context<'_> ) -> Poll<Result<(), Error>>

Attempt to flush the object, ensuring that any buffered data reach their destination. Read more
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fn poll_close( self: Pin<&mut DataStream>, cx: &mut Context<'_> ) -> Poll<Result<(), Error>>

Attempt to close the object. Read more
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fn poll_write_vectored( self: Pin<&mut Self>, cx: &mut Context<'_>, bufs: &[IoSlice<'_>] ) -> Poll<Result<usize, Error>>

Attempt to write bytes from bufs into the object using vectored IO operations. Read more
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impl AsyncWrite for DataStream

Available on crate feature tokio only.
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fn poll_write( self: Pin<&mut DataStream>, cx: &mut Context<'_>, buf: &[u8] ) -> Poll<Result<usize, Error>>

Attempt to write bytes from buf into the object. Read more
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fn poll_flush( self: Pin<&mut DataStream>, cx: &mut Context<'_> ) -> Poll<Result<(), Error>>

Attempts to flush the object, ensuring that any buffered data reach their destination. Read more
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fn poll_shutdown( self: Pin<&mut DataStream>, cx: &mut Context<'_> ) -> Poll<Result<(), Error>>

Initiates or attempts to shut down this writer, returning success when the I/O connection has completely shut down. Read more
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fn poll_write_vectored( self: Pin<&mut Self>, cx: &mut Context<'_>, bufs: &[IoSlice<'_>] ) -> Poll<Result<usize, Error>>

Like poll_write, except that it writes from a slice of buffers. Read more
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fn is_write_vectored(&self) -> bool

Determines if this writer has an efficient poll_write_vectored implementation. Read more
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impl Debug for DataStream

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fn fmt(&self, f: &mut Formatter<'_>) -> Result<(), Error>

Formats the value using the given formatter. Read more

Auto Trait Implementations§

Blanket Implementations§

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impl<T> Any for T
where T: 'static + ?Sized,

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fn type_id(&self) -> TypeId

Gets the TypeId of self. Read more
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impl<R> AsyncReadExt for R
where R: AsyncRead + ?Sized,

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fn chain<R>(self, next: R) -> Chain<Self, R>
where Self: Sized, R: AsyncRead,

Creates an adaptor which will chain this stream with another. Read more
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fn read<'a>(&'a mut self, buf: &'a mut [u8]) -> Read<'a, Self>
where Self: Unpin,

Tries to read some bytes directly into the given buf in asynchronous manner, returning a future type. Read more
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fn read_vectored<'a>( &'a mut self, bufs: &'a mut [IoSliceMut<'a>] ) -> ReadVectored<'a, Self>
where Self: Unpin,

Creates a future which will read from the AsyncRead into bufs using vectored IO operations. Read more
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fn read_exact<'a>(&'a mut self, buf: &'a mut [u8]) -> ReadExact<'a, Self>
where Self: Unpin,

Creates a future which will read exactly enough bytes to fill buf, returning an error if end of file (EOF) is hit sooner. Read more
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fn read_to_end<'a>(&'a mut self, buf: &'a mut Vec<u8>) -> ReadToEnd<'a, Self>
where Self: Unpin,

Creates a future which will read all the bytes from this AsyncRead. Read more
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fn read_to_string<'a>( &'a mut self, buf: &'a mut String ) -> ReadToString<'a, Self>
where Self: Unpin,

Creates a future which will read all the bytes from this AsyncRead. Read more
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fn split(self) -> (ReadHalf<Self>, WriteHalf<Self>)
where Self: AsyncWrite + Sized,

Helper method for splitting this read/write object into two halves. Read more
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fn take(self, limit: u64) -> Take<Self>
where Self: Sized,

Creates an AsyncRead adapter which will read at most limit bytes from the underlying reader. Read more
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impl<R> AsyncReadExt for R
where R: AsyncRead + ?Sized,

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fn read<'a>(&'a mut self, buf: &'a mut [u8]) -> ReadFuture<'a, Self>
where Self: Unpin,

Reads some bytes from the byte stream. Read more
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fn read_vectored<'a>( &'a mut self, bufs: &'a mut [IoSliceMut<'a>] ) -> ReadVectoredFuture<'a, Self>
where Self: Unpin,

Like [read()][AsyncReadExt::read()], except it reads into a slice of buffers. Read more
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fn read_to_end<'a>( &'a mut self, buf: &'a mut Vec<u8> ) -> ReadToEndFuture<'a, Self>
where Self: Unpin,

Reads the entire contents and appends them to a Vec. Read more
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fn read_to_string<'a>( &'a mut self, buf: &'a mut String ) -> ReadToStringFuture<'a, Self>
where Self: Unpin,

Reads the entire contents and appends them to a String. Read more
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fn read_exact<'a>(&'a mut self, buf: &'a mut [u8]) -> ReadExactFuture<'a, Self>
where Self: Unpin,

Reads the exact number of bytes required to fill buf. Read more
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fn take(self, limit: u64) -> Take<Self>
where Self: Sized,

Creates an adapter which will read at most limit bytes from it. Read more
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fn bytes(self) -> Bytes<Self>
where Self: Sized,

Converts this [AsyncRead] into a [Stream] of bytes. Read more
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fn chain<R>(self, next: R) -> Chain<Self, R>
where R: AsyncRead, Self: Sized,

Creates an adapter which will chain this stream with another. Read more
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fn boxed_reader<'a>(self) -> Pin<Box<dyn AsyncRead + Send + 'a>>
where Self: Sized + Send + 'a,

Available on crate feature alloc only.
Boxes the reader and changes its type to dyn AsyncRead + Send + 'a. Read more
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impl<R> AsyncReadExt for R
where R: AsyncRead + ?Sized,

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fn read<'a>(&'a mut self, buf: &'a mut [u8]) -> ReadFuture<'a, Self>
where Self: Unpin,

Reads some bytes from the byte stream. Read more
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fn read_vectored<'a>( &'a mut self, bufs: &'a mut [IoSliceMut<'a>] ) -> ReadVectoredFuture<'a, Self>
where Self: Unpin,

Like [read()][AsyncReadExt::read()], except it reads into a slice of buffers. Read more
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fn read_to_end<'a>( &'a mut self, buf: &'a mut Vec<u8> ) -> ReadToEndFuture<'a, Self>
where Self: Unpin,

Reads the entire contents and appends them to a Vec. Read more
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fn read_to_string<'a>( &'a mut self, buf: &'a mut String ) -> ReadToStringFuture<'a, Self>
where Self: Unpin,

Reads the entire contents and appends them to a String. Read more
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fn read_exact<'a>(&'a mut self, buf: &'a mut [u8]) -> ReadExactFuture<'a, Self>
where Self: Unpin,

Reads the exact number of bytes required to fill buf. Read more
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fn take(self, limit: u64) -> Take<Self>
where Self: Sized,

Creates an adapter which will read at most limit bytes from it. Read more
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fn bytes(self) -> Bytes<Self>
where Self: Sized,

Converts this [AsyncRead] into a [Stream] of bytes. Read more
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fn chain<R>(self, next: R) -> Chain<Self, R>
where R: AsyncRead, Self: Sized,

Creates an adapter which will chain this stream with another. Read more
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fn boxed_reader<'a>(self) -> Pin<Box<dyn AsyncRead + Send + 'a>>
where Self: Sized + Send + 'a,

Available on crate feature alloc only.
Boxes the reader and changes its type to dyn AsyncRead + Send + 'a. Read more
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impl<R> AsyncReadExt for R
where R: AsyncRead + ?Sized,

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fn chain<R>(self, next: R) -> Chain<Self, R>
where Self: Sized, R: AsyncRead,

Creates a new AsyncRead instance that chains this stream with next. Read more
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fn read<'a>(&'a mut self, buf: &'a mut [u8]) -> Read<'a, Self>
where Self: Unpin,

Pulls some bytes from this source into the specified buffer, returning how many bytes were read. Read more
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fn read_buf<'a, B>(&'a mut self, buf: &'a mut B) -> ReadBuf<'a, Self, B>
where Self: Unpin, B: BufMut + ?Sized,

Pulls some bytes from this source into the specified buffer, advancing the buffer’s internal cursor. Read more
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fn read_exact<'a>(&'a mut self, buf: &'a mut [u8]) -> ReadExact<'a, Self>
where Self: Unpin,

Reads the exact number of bytes required to fill buf. Read more
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fn read_u8(&mut self) -> ReadU8<&mut Self>
where Self: Unpin,

Reads an unsigned 8 bit integer from the underlying reader. Read more
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fn read_i8(&mut self) -> ReadI8<&mut Self>
where Self: Unpin,

Reads a signed 8 bit integer from the underlying reader. Read more
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fn read_u16(&mut self) -> ReadU16<&mut Self>
where Self: Unpin,

Reads an unsigned 16-bit integer in big-endian order from the underlying reader. Read more
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fn read_i16(&mut self) -> ReadI16<&mut Self>
where Self: Unpin,

Reads a signed 16-bit integer in big-endian order from the underlying reader. Read more
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fn read_u32(&mut self) -> ReadU32<&mut Self>
where Self: Unpin,

Reads an unsigned 32-bit integer in big-endian order from the underlying reader. Read more
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fn read_i32(&mut self) -> ReadI32<&mut Self>
where Self: Unpin,

Reads a signed 32-bit integer in big-endian order from the underlying reader. Read more
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fn read_u64(&mut self) -> ReadU64<&mut Self>
where Self: Unpin,

Reads an unsigned 64-bit integer in big-endian order from the underlying reader. Read more
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fn read_i64(&mut self) -> ReadI64<&mut Self>
where Self: Unpin,

Reads an signed 64-bit integer in big-endian order from the underlying reader. Read more
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fn read_u128(&mut self) -> ReadU128<&mut Self>
where Self: Unpin,

Reads an unsigned 128-bit integer in big-endian order from the underlying reader. Read more
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fn read_i128(&mut self) -> ReadI128<&mut Self>
where Self: Unpin,

Reads an signed 128-bit integer in big-endian order from the underlying reader. Read more
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fn read_f32(&mut self) -> ReadF32<&mut Self>
where Self: Unpin,

Reads an 32-bit floating point type in big-endian order from the underlying reader. Read more
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fn read_f64(&mut self) -> ReadF64<&mut Self>
where Self: Unpin,

Reads an 64-bit floating point type in big-endian order from the underlying reader. Read more
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fn read_u16_le(&mut self) -> ReadU16Le<&mut Self>
where Self: Unpin,

Reads an unsigned 16-bit integer in little-endian order from the underlying reader. Read more
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fn read_i16_le(&mut self) -> ReadI16Le<&mut Self>
where Self: Unpin,

Reads a signed 16-bit integer in little-endian order from the underlying reader. Read more
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fn read_u32_le(&mut self) -> ReadU32Le<&mut Self>
where Self: Unpin,

Reads an unsigned 32-bit integer in little-endian order from the underlying reader. Read more
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fn read_i32_le(&mut self) -> ReadI32Le<&mut Self>
where Self: Unpin,

Reads a signed 32-bit integer in little-endian order from the underlying reader. Read more
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fn read_u64_le(&mut self) -> ReadU64Le<&mut Self>
where Self: Unpin,

Reads an unsigned 64-bit integer in little-endian order from the underlying reader. Read more
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fn read_i64_le(&mut self) -> ReadI64Le<&mut Self>
where Self: Unpin,

Reads an signed 64-bit integer in little-endian order from the underlying reader. Read more
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fn read_u128_le(&mut self) -> ReadU128Le<&mut Self>
where Self: Unpin,

Reads an unsigned 128-bit integer in little-endian order from the underlying reader. Read more
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fn read_i128_le(&mut self) -> ReadI128Le<&mut Self>
where Self: Unpin,

Reads an signed 128-bit integer in little-endian order from the underlying reader. Read more
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fn read_f32_le(&mut self) -> ReadF32Le<&mut Self>
where Self: Unpin,

Reads an 32-bit floating point type in little-endian order from the underlying reader. Read more
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fn read_f64_le(&mut self) -> ReadF64Le<&mut Self>
where Self: Unpin,

Reads an 64-bit floating point type in little-endian order from the underlying reader. Read more
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fn read_to_end<'a>(&'a mut self, buf: &'a mut Vec<u8>) -> ReadToEnd<'a, Self>
where Self: Unpin,

Reads all bytes until EOF in this source, placing them into buf. Read more
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fn read_to_string<'a>( &'a mut self, dst: &'a mut String ) -> ReadToString<'a, Self>
where Self: Unpin,

Reads all bytes until EOF in this source, appending them to buf. Read more
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fn take(self, limit: u64) -> Take<Self>
where Self: Sized,

Creates an adaptor which reads at most limit bytes from it. Read more
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impl<W> AsyncWriteExt for W
where W: AsyncWrite + ?Sized,

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fn flush(&mut self) -> Flush<'_, Self>
where Self: Unpin,

Creates a future which will entirely flush this AsyncWrite. Read more
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fn close(&mut self) -> Close<'_, Self>
where Self: Unpin,

Creates a future which will entirely close this AsyncWrite.
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fn write<'a>(&'a mut self, buf: &'a [u8]) -> Write<'a, Self>
where Self: Unpin,

Creates a future which will write bytes from buf into the object. Read more
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fn write_vectored<'a>( &'a mut self, bufs: &'a [IoSlice<'a>] ) -> WriteVectored<'a, Self>
where Self: Unpin,

Creates a future which will write bytes from bufs into the object using vectored IO operations. Read more
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fn write_all<'a>(&'a mut self, buf: &'a [u8]) -> WriteAll<'a, Self>
where Self: Unpin,

Write data into this object. Read more
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fn into_sink<Item>(self) -> IntoSink<Self, Item>
where Item: AsRef<[u8]>, Self: Sized,

Available on crate feature sink only.
Allow using an [AsyncWrite] as a Sink<Item: AsRef<[u8]>>. Read more
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impl<W> AsyncWriteExt for W
where W: AsyncWrite + ?Sized,

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fn write<'a>(&'a mut self, buf: &'a [u8]) -> WriteFuture<'a, Self>
where Self: Unpin,

Writes some bytes into the byte stream. Read more
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fn write_vectored<'a>( &'a mut self, bufs: &'a [IoSlice<'a>] ) -> WriteVectoredFuture<'a, Self>
where Self: Unpin,

Like [write()][AsyncWriteExt::write()], except that it writes a slice of buffers. Read more
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fn write_all<'a>(&'a mut self, buf: &'a [u8]) -> WriteAllFuture<'a, Self>
where Self: Unpin,

Writes an entire buffer into the byte stream. Read more
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fn flush(&mut self) -> FlushFuture<'_, Self>
where Self: Unpin,

Flushes the stream to ensure that all buffered contents reach their destination. Read more
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fn close(&mut self) -> CloseFuture<'_, Self>
where Self: Unpin,

Closes the writer. Read more
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fn boxed_writer<'a>(self) -> Pin<Box<dyn AsyncWrite + Send + 'a>>
where Self: Sized + Send + 'a,

Available on crate feature alloc only.
Boxes the writer and changes its type to dyn AsyncWrite + Send + 'a. Read more
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impl<W> AsyncWriteExt for W
where W: AsyncWrite + ?Sized,

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fn write<'a>(&'a mut self, buf: &'a [u8]) -> WriteFuture<'a, Self>
where Self: Unpin,

Writes some bytes into the byte stream. Read more
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fn write_vectored<'a>( &'a mut self, bufs: &'a [IoSlice<'a>] ) -> WriteVectoredFuture<'a, Self>
where Self: Unpin,

Like [write()][AsyncWriteExt::write()], except that it writes a slice of buffers. Read more
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fn write_all<'a>(&'a mut self, buf: &'a [u8]) -> WriteAllFuture<'a, Self>
where Self: Unpin,

Writes an entire buffer into the byte stream. Read more
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fn flush(&mut self) -> FlushFuture<'_, Self>
where Self: Unpin,

Flushes the stream to ensure that all buffered contents reach their destination. Read more
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fn close(&mut self) -> CloseFuture<'_, Self>
where Self: Unpin,

Closes the writer. Read more
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fn boxed_writer<'a>(self) -> Pin<Box<dyn AsyncWrite + Send + 'a>>
where Self: Sized + Send + 'a,

Available on crate feature alloc only.
Boxes the writer and changes its type to dyn AsyncWrite + Send + 'a. Read more
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impl<W> AsyncWriteExt for W
where W: AsyncWrite + ?Sized,

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fn write<'a>(&'a mut self, src: &'a [u8]) -> Write<'a, Self>
where Self: Unpin,

Writes a buffer into this writer, returning how many bytes were written. Read more
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fn write_vectored<'a, 'b>( &'a mut self, bufs: &'a [IoSlice<'b>] ) -> WriteVectored<'a, 'b, Self>
where Self: Unpin,

Like write, except that it writes from a slice of buffers. Read more
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fn write_buf<'a, B>(&'a mut self, src: &'a mut B) -> WriteBuf<'a, Self, B>
where Self: Sized + Unpin, B: Buf,

Writes a buffer into this writer, advancing the buffer’s internal cursor. Read more
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fn write_all_buf<'a, B>( &'a mut self, src: &'a mut B ) -> WriteAllBuf<'a, Self, B>
where Self: Sized + Unpin, B: Buf,

Attempts to write an entire buffer into this writer. Read more
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fn write_all<'a>(&'a mut self, src: &'a [u8]) -> WriteAll<'a, Self>
where Self: Unpin,

Attempts to write an entire buffer into this writer. Read more
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fn write_u8(&mut self, n: u8) -> WriteU8<&mut Self>
where Self: Unpin,

Writes an unsigned 8-bit integer to the underlying writer. Read more
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fn write_i8(&mut self, n: i8) -> WriteI8<&mut Self>
where Self: Unpin,

Writes a signed 8-bit integer to the underlying writer. Read more
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fn write_u16(&mut self, n: u16) -> WriteU16<&mut Self>
where Self: Unpin,

Writes an unsigned 16-bit integer in big-endian order to the underlying writer. Read more
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fn write_i16(&mut self, n: i16) -> WriteI16<&mut Self>
where Self: Unpin,

Writes a signed 16-bit integer in big-endian order to the underlying writer. Read more
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fn write_u32(&mut self, n: u32) -> WriteU32<&mut Self>
where Self: Unpin,

Writes an unsigned 32-bit integer in big-endian order to the underlying writer. Read more
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fn write_i32(&mut self, n: i32) -> WriteI32<&mut Self>
where Self: Unpin,

Writes a signed 32-bit integer in big-endian order to the underlying writer. Read more
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fn write_u64(&mut self, n: u64) -> WriteU64<&mut Self>
where Self: Unpin,

Writes an unsigned 64-bit integer in big-endian order to the underlying writer. Read more
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fn write_i64(&mut self, n: i64) -> WriteI64<&mut Self>
where Self: Unpin,

Writes an signed 64-bit integer in big-endian order to the underlying writer. Read more
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fn write_u128(&mut self, n: u128) -> WriteU128<&mut Self>
where Self: Unpin,

Writes an unsigned 128-bit integer in big-endian order to the underlying writer. Read more
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fn write_i128(&mut self, n: i128) -> WriteI128<&mut Self>
where Self: Unpin,

Writes an signed 128-bit integer in big-endian order to the underlying writer. Read more
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fn write_f32(&mut self, n: f32) -> WriteF32<&mut Self>
where Self: Unpin,

Writes an 32-bit floating point type in big-endian order to the underlying writer. Read more
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fn write_f64(&mut self, n: f64) -> WriteF64<&mut Self>
where Self: Unpin,

Writes an 64-bit floating point type in big-endian order to the underlying writer. Read more
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fn write_u16_le(&mut self, n: u16) -> WriteU16Le<&mut Self>
where Self: Unpin,

Writes an unsigned 16-bit integer in little-endian order to the underlying writer. Read more
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fn write_i16_le(&mut self, n: i16) -> WriteI16Le<&mut Self>
where Self: Unpin,

Writes a signed 16-bit integer in little-endian order to the underlying writer. Read more
§

fn write_u32_le(&mut self, n: u32) -> WriteU32Le<&mut Self>
where Self: Unpin,

Writes an unsigned 32-bit integer in little-endian order to the underlying writer. Read more
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fn write_i32_le(&mut self, n: i32) -> WriteI32Le<&mut Self>
where Self: Unpin,

Writes a signed 32-bit integer in little-endian order to the underlying writer. Read more
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fn write_u64_le(&mut self, n: u64) -> WriteU64Le<&mut Self>
where Self: Unpin,

Writes an unsigned 64-bit integer in little-endian order to the underlying writer. Read more
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fn write_i64_le(&mut self, n: i64) -> WriteI64Le<&mut Self>
where Self: Unpin,

Writes an signed 64-bit integer in little-endian order to the underlying writer. Read more
§

fn write_u128_le(&mut self, n: u128) -> WriteU128Le<&mut Self>
where Self: Unpin,

Writes an unsigned 128-bit integer in little-endian order to the underlying writer. Read more
§

fn write_i128_le(&mut self, n: i128) -> WriteI128Le<&mut Self>
where Self: Unpin,

Writes an signed 128-bit integer in little-endian order to the underlying writer. Read more
§

fn write_f32_le(&mut self, n: f32) -> WriteF32Le<&mut Self>
where Self: Unpin,

Writes an 32-bit floating point type in little-endian order to the underlying writer. Read more
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fn write_f64_le(&mut self, n: f64) -> WriteF64Le<&mut Self>
where Self: Unpin,

Writes an 64-bit floating point type in little-endian order to the underlying writer. Read more
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fn flush(&mut self) -> Flush<'_, Self>
where Self: Unpin,

Flushes this output stream, ensuring that all intermediately buffered contents reach their destination. Read more
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fn shutdown(&mut self) -> Shutdown<'_, Self>
where Self: Unpin,

Shuts down the output stream, ensuring that the value can be dropped cleanly. Read more
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impl<T> Borrow<T> for T
where T: ?Sized,

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fn borrow(&self) -> &T

Immutably borrows from an owned value. Read more
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impl<T> BorrowMut<T> for T
where T: ?Sized,

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fn borrow_mut(&mut self) -> &mut T

Mutably borrows from an owned value. Read more
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impl<T> Conv for T

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fn conv<T>(self) -> T
where Self: Into<T>,

Converts self into T using Into<T>. Read more
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impl<T> Downcast for T
where T: Any,

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fn into_any(self: Box<T>) -> Box<dyn Any>

Convert Box<dyn Trait> (where Trait: Downcast) to Box<dyn Any>. Box<dyn Any> can then be further downcast into Box<ConcreteType> where ConcreteType implements Trait.
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fn into_any_rc(self: Rc<T>) -> Rc<dyn Any>

Convert Rc<Trait> (where Trait: Downcast) to Rc<Any>. Rc<Any> can then be further downcast into Rc<ConcreteType> where ConcreteType implements Trait.
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fn as_any(&self) -> &(dyn Any + 'static)

Convert &Trait (where Trait: Downcast) to &Any. This is needed since Rust cannot generate &Any’s vtable from &Trait’s.
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fn as_any_mut(&mut self) -> &mut (dyn Any + 'static)

Convert &mut Trait (where Trait: Downcast) to &Any. This is needed since Rust cannot generate &mut Any’s vtable from &mut Trait’s.
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impl<T> FmtForward for T

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fn fmt_binary(self) -> FmtBinary<Self>
where Self: Binary,

Causes self to use its Binary implementation when Debug-formatted.
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fn fmt_display(self) -> FmtDisplay<Self>
where Self: Display,

Causes self to use its Display implementation when Debug-formatted.
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fn fmt_lower_exp(self) -> FmtLowerExp<Self>
where Self: LowerExp,

Causes self to use its LowerExp implementation when Debug-formatted.
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fn fmt_lower_hex(self) -> FmtLowerHex<Self>
where Self: LowerHex,

Causes self to use its LowerHex implementation when Debug-formatted.
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fn fmt_octal(self) -> FmtOctal<Self>
where Self: Octal,

Causes self to use its Octal implementation when Debug-formatted.
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fn fmt_pointer(self) -> FmtPointer<Self>
where Self: Pointer,

Causes self to use its Pointer implementation when Debug-formatted.
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fn fmt_upper_exp(self) -> FmtUpperExp<Self>
where Self: UpperExp,

Causes self to use its UpperExp implementation when Debug-formatted.
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fn fmt_upper_hex(self) -> FmtUpperHex<Self>
where Self: UpperHex,

Causes self to use its UpperHex implementation when Debug-formatted.
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fn fmt_list(self) -> FmtList<Self>
where &'a Self: for<'a> IntoIterator,

Formats each item in a sequence. Read more
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impl<T> From<T> for T

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fn from(t: T) -> T

Returns the argument unchanged.

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impl<T> FuturesAsyncReadCompatExt for T
where T: AsyncRead,

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fn compat(self) -> Compat<Self>
where Self: Sized,

Wraps self with a compatibility layer that implements tokio_io::AsyncRead.
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impl<T> FuturesAsyncWriteCompatExt for T
where T: AsyncWrite,

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fn compat_write(self) -> Compat<Self>
where Self: Sized,

Wraps self with a compatibility layer that implements tokio::io::AsyncWrite.
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impl<T> Instrument for T

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fn instrument(self, span: Span) -> Instrumented<Self>

Instruments this type with the provided [Span], returning an Instrumented wrapper. Read more
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fn in_current_span(self) -> Instrumented<Self>

Instruments this type with the current Span, returning an Instrumented wrapper. Read more
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impl<T, U> Into<U> for T
where U: From<T>,

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fn into(self) -> U

Calls U::from(self).

That is, this conversion is whatever the implementation of From<T> for U chooses to do.

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impl<T> Pipe for T
where T: ?Sized,

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fn pipe<R>(self, func: impl FnOnce(Self) -> R) -> R
where Self: Sized,

Pipes by value. This is generally the method you want to use. Read more
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fn pipe_ref<'a, R>(&'a self, func: impl FnOnce(&'a Self) -> R) -> R
where R: 'a,

Borrows self and passes that borrow into the pipe function. Read more
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fn pipe_ref_mut<'a, R>(&'a mut self, func: impl FnOnce(&'a mut Self) -> R) -> R
where R: 'a,

Mutably borrows self and passes that borrow into the pipe function. Read more
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fn pipe_borrow<'a, B, R>(&'a self, func: impl FnOnce(&'a B) -> R) -> R
where Self: Borrow<B>, B: 'a + ?Sized, R: 'a,

Borrows self, then passes self.borrow() into the pipe function. Read more
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fn pipe_borrow_mut<'a, B, R>( &'a mut self, func: impl FnOnce(&'a mut B) -> R ) -> R
where Self: BorrowMut<B>, B: 'a + ?Sized, R: 'a,

Mutably borrows self, then passes self.borrow_mut() into the pipe function. Read more
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fn pipe_as_ref<'a, U, R>(&'a self, func: impl FnOnce(&'a U) -> R) -> R
where Self: AsRef<U>, U: 'a + ?Sized, R: 'a,

Borrows self, then passes self.as_ref() into the pipe function.
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fn pipe_as_mut<'a, U, R>(&'a mut self, func: impl FnOnce(&'a mut U) -> R) -> R
where Self: AsMut<U>, U: 'a + ?Sized, R: 'a,

Mutably borrows self, then passes self.as_mut() into the pipe function.
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fn pipe_deref<'a, T, R>(&'a self, func: impl FnOnce(&'a T) -> R) -> R
where Self: Deref<Target = T>, T: 'a + ?Sized, R: 'a,

Borrows self, then passes self.deref() into the pipe function.
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fn pipe_deref_mut<'a, T, R>( &'a mut self, func: impl FnOnce(&'a mut T) -> R ) -> R
where Self: DerefMut<Target = T> + Deref, T: 'a + ?Sized, R: 'a,

Mutably borrows self, then passes self.deref_mut() into the pipe function.
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impl<T> ReadExt for T
where T: AsyncRead + ?Sized,

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fn read<'a>(&'a mut self, buf: &'a mut [u8]) -> ReadFuture<'a, Self>
where Self: Unpin,

Reads some bytes from the byte stream. Read more
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fn read_vectored<'a>( &'a mut self, bufs: &'a mut [IoSliceMut<'a>] ) -> ReadVectoredFuture<'a, Self>
where Self: Unpin,

Like read, except that it reads into a slice of buffers. Read more
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fn read_to_end<'a>( &'a mut self, buf: &'a mut Vec<u8> ) -> ReadToEndFuture<'a, Self>
where Self: Unpin,

Reads all bytes from the byte stream. Read more
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fn read_to_string<'a>( &'a mut self, buf: &'a mut String ) -> ReadToStringFuture<'a, Self>
where Self: Unpin,

Reads all bytes from the byte stream and appends them into a string. Read more
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fn read_exact<'a>(&'a mut self, buf: &'a mut [u8]) -> ReadExactFuture<'a, Self>
where Self: Unpin,

Reads the exact number of bytes required to fill buf. Read more
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fn take(self, limit: u64) -> Take<Self>
where Self: Sized,

Creates an adaptor which will read at most limit bytes from it. Read more
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fn by_ref(&mut self) -> &mut Self
where Self: Sized,

Creates a “by reference” adaptor for this instance of Read. Read more
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fn bytes(self) -> Bytes<Self>
where Self: Sized,

Transforms this Read instance to a Stream over its bytes. Read more
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fn chain<R>(self, next: R) -> Chain<Self, R>
where R: AsyncRead, Self: Sized,

Creates an adaptor which will chain this stream with another. Read more
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impl<T> Same for T

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type Output = T

Should always be Self
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impl<T> Tap for T

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fn tap(self, func: impl FnOnce(&Self)) -> Self

Immutable access to a value. Read more
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fn tap_mut(self, func: impl FnOnce(&mut Self)) -> Self

Mutable access to a value. Read more
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fn tap_borrow<B>(self, func: impl FnOnce(&B)) -> Self
where Self: Borrow<B>, B: ?Sized,

Immutable access to the Borrow<B> of a value. Read more
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fn tap_borrow_mut<B>(self, func: impl FnOnce(&mut B)) -> Self
where Self: BorrowMut<B>, B: ?Sized,

Mutable access to the BorrowMut<B> of a value. Read more
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fn tap_ref<R>(self, func: impl FnOnce(&R)) -> Self
where Self: AsRef<R>, R: ?Sized,

Immutable access to the AsRef<R> view of a value. Read more
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fn tap_ref_mut<R>(self, func: impl FnOnce(&mut R)) -> Self
where Self: AsMut<R>, R: ?Sized,

Mutable access to the AsMut<R> view of a value. Read more
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fn tap_deref<T>(self, func: impl FnOnce(&T)) -> Self
where Self: Deref<Target = T>, T: ?Sized,

Immutable access to the Deref::Target of a value. Read more
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fn tap_deref_mut<T>(self, func: impl FnOnce(&mut T)) -> Self
where Self: DerefMut<Target = T> + Deref, T: ?Sized,

Mutable access to the Deref::Target of a value. Read more
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fn tap_dbg(self, func: impl FnOnce(&Self)) -> Self

Calls .tap() only in debug builds, and is erased in release builds.
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fn tap_mut_dbg(self, func: impl FnOnce(&mut Self)) -> Self

Calls .tap_mut() only in debug builds, and is erased in release builds.
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fn tap_borrow_dbg<B>(self, func: impl FnOnce(&B)) -> Self
where Self: Borrow<B>, B: ?Sized,

Calls .tap_borrow() only in debug builds, and is erased in release builds.
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fn tap_borrow_mut_dbg<B>(self, func: impl FnOnce(&mut B)) -> Self
where Self: BorrowMut<B>, B: ?Sized,

Calls .tap_borrow_mut() only in debug builds, and is erased in release builds.
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fn tap_ref_dbg<R>(self, func: impl FnOnce(&R)) -> Self
where Self: AsRef<R>, R: ?Sized,

Calls .tap_ref() only in debug builds, and is erased in release builds.
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fn tap_ref_mut_dbg<R>(self, func: impl FnOnce(&mut R)) -> Self
where Self: AsMut<R>, R: ?Sized,

Calls .tap_ref_mut() only in debug builds, and is erased in release builds.
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fn tap_deref_dbg<T>(self, func: impl FnOnce(&T)) -> Self
where Self: Deref<Target = T>, T: ?Sized,

Calls .tap_deref() only in debug builds, and is erased in release builds.
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fn tap_deref_mut_dbg<T>(self, func: impl FnOnce(&mut T)) -> Self
where Self: DerefMut<Target = T> + Deref, T: ?Sized,

Calls .tap_deref_mut() only in debug builds, and is erased in release builds.
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impl<T> TokioAsyncReadCompatExt for T
where T: AsyncRead,

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fn compat(self) -> Compat<Self>
where Self: Sized,

Wraps self with a compatibility layer that implements futures_io::AsyncRead.
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impl<T> TokioAsyncWriteCompatExt for T
where T: AsyncWrite,

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fn compat_write(self) -> Compat<Self>
where Self: Sized,

Wraps self with a compatibility layer that implements futures_io::AsyncWrite.
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impl<T> TryConv for T

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fn try_conv<T>(self) -> Result<T, Self::Error>
where Self: TryInto<T>,

Attempts to convert self into T using TryInto<T>. Read more
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impl<T, U> TryFrom<U> for T
where U: Into<T>,

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type Error = Infallible

The type returned in the event of a conversion error.
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fn try_from(value: U) -> Result<T, <T as TryFrom<U>>::Error>

Performs the conversion.
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impl<T, U> TryInto<U> for T
where U: TryFrom<T>,

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type Error = <U as TryFrom<T>>::Error

The type returned in the event of a conversion error.
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fn try_into(self) -> Result<U, <U as TryFrom<T>>::Error>

Performs the conversion.
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impl<V, T> VZip<V> for T
where V: MultiLane<T>,

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fn vzip(self) -> V

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impl<T> WithSubscriber for T

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fn with_subscriber<S>(self, subscriber: S) -> WithDispatch<Self>
where S: Into<Dispatch>,

Attaches the provided Subscriber to this type, returning a [WithDispatch] wrapper. Read more
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fn with_current_subscriber(self) -> WithDispatch<Self>

Attaches the current default Subscriber to this type, returning a [WithDispatch] wrapper. Read more
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impl<T> WriteExt for T
where T: AsyncWrite + ?Sized,

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fn write<'a>(&'a mut self, buf: &'a [u8]) -> WriteFuture<'a, Self>
where Self: Unpin,

Writes some bytes into the byte stream. Read more
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fn flush(&mut self) -> FlushFuture<'_, Self>
where Self: Unpin,

Flushes the stream to ensure that all buffered contents reach their destination. Read more
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fn write_vectored<'a>( &'a mut self, bufs: &'a [IoSlice<'a>] ) -> WriteVectoredFuture<'a, Self>
where Self: Unpin,

Like write, except that it writes from a slice of buffers. Read more
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fn write_all<'a>(&'a mut self, buf: &'a [u8]) -> WriteAllFuture<'a, Self>
where Self: Unpin,

Writes an entire buffer into the byte stream. Read more
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fn write_fmt<'a>(&'a mut self, fmt: Arguments<'_>) -> WriteFmtFuture<'a, Self>
where Self: Unpin,

Writes a formatted string into this writer, returning any error encountered. Read more